黄土高原半干旱地区土地利用变化对土壤养分、酶活性的影响研究

对黄土高原半干旱地区土地利用变化进行了土壤养分、酶活性及相关性研究。结果表明，过氧化氢酶活性可表征人工草地苜蓿地的速效磷、速效钾，撂荒地的有机质、全氮和碱解氮的正向转化状况，及沙棘林土壤速效磷负向转化进程，但不能用过氧化氢酶活性表征精细耕作的土壤肥力状况。多酚氧化酶活性可表征农田土壤有机质、全氮正向转化进程及菜园土和果园土有机质、全氮负向转化进程，不能表征自然土壤腐殖质转化状况。转化酶活性可表征农田、菜园土、果园、苜蓿地和撂荒地的碱解氮正向转化进程以及沙棘林碱解氮的负向转化进程，可全面表征撂荒地的速效磷负向转化进程及其它养分的正向转化进程。脲酶活性可表征果园地、菜园土的全氮、碱解氮和有机质的肥力水平。磷酸酶活性可表征果园土、农田和撂荒地的速效磷正向转化状况，不能表征其它土地利用类型的磷素转化状况。     

屋顶绿化制约因素分析及营建对策

通过对屋顶绿化发展现状的介绍,从社会公众的认识观念、建筑屋顶构造状况及施工环境、使用材料到行业政策、技术规范、绿化形式、投资渠道等多方面分析了制约因素,并依此提出了有针对性地开展屋顶现状普查、制订行业法规和技术规范、加强领导、开展科研技术攻关及植物材料的选育和政府主导、财政和企事业单位及开发商等多元投资方式的营建对策.     

坛紫菜杂交品系优势的初步评价

通过坛紫菜诱变选育品系和野生选育品系间杂交,筛选出了4个经济性状优良的杂交品系(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ);杂交品系的子代表现出较大的杂交优势,既具有亲本优势,又具有超亲优势;品系Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ的3～5cm幼苗经过10d培育,平均日增重量的超标优势分别达12.35%、139.78%、107.57%和173.52%;杂种优势指数达99.83%、213.07%、184.44%和243.05%;品系Ⅱ耐高温能力较强,在29℃水温中可正常生存10d以上;品系Ⅲ在4个杂交品系中生长最快,培育20d时藻体的平均长度是父本的1.29倍,总藻胆蛋白含量最高,达(103.83±0.49)mg/g干品;品系Ⅳ和Ⅴ藻体宽而薄,不易腐烂和老化,其中品系Ⅳ叶绿素含量高达(9.79±0.48)mg/g干品,比母本高46.21;从杂交品系的性状稳定性来看,品系Ⅱ的F2和F3叶状体长度生长相对稳定,品系Ⅲ的F3叶状体经过选育后,生长性能比F2叶状体更加突出。和F2叶状体相比,品系Ⅳ的F3各项指标表现出较大的稳定性。本研究为坛紫菜杂交育种的应用积累了有用资料。     

艳山姜切花花蕾脱落的控制

对艳山姜(Alpinia zerumbet)切花最佳采收时期和控制其花蕾脱落的保鲜液及预处理方法进行了研究.结果表明,艳山姜切花在花枝发育良好而花序总苞片未脱落时采收最佳;硫代硫酸银(STS)和Al2(SO4)3可有效控制艳山姜花蕾的脱落,是其较理想的瓶插保鲜剂;200 mg/L 8-HQC 5%SUC 5 mg/L 6-BA预处液同时结合10℃预冷处理4 h可有效降低艳山姜切花花蕾的脱落率.     

山区高油玉米高产优质栽培模式研究

为探索在黔西北山区种植高油玉米高产优质的栽培模式,促进山区种植业结构调整,采用多元二次正交回归旋转组合设计,研究了高油玉米产量、产油量与4个主要栽培因子——种植密度及N、P、K肥施用量之间的关系,建立了数学模型,解析了各因素对产量、产油量的效应,通过计算机模拟寻优,筛选出了黔西北山区高油玉米高产优质的农艺综合方案:密度62463~63710株/hm2;N肥(纯N)321.79~359.04kg/hm2;P肥(P2O5)319.94~345.32kg/hm2;K肥(K2O)293.64~333.30kg/hm2。     

Three different levels of dietary vitamin D3 fed to first-feeding fry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): effect on growth, mortality, calcium content and bone formation

Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) fry were reared on a fishmeal-based diet with three different levels of vitamin D₃ (0.2, 5 and 57 mg vitamin D₃ kg^–1 feed, ww) from first-feeding for 14 weeks. No significant differences were recorded in weight, length, specific growth rate, mortality, or kidney calcium concentration between the different dietary groups. No skeletal malformations or histopathological changes were recorded in any of the dietary groups. These results suggest Atlantic salmon fry to be highly tolerant of megadoses of vitamin D₃ over a limited period of time.     

Blood chemistry and organ nutrient composition in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fed graded amounts of wheat starch

After feeding Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., five graded amounts of wheat starch from 0 to 310 g kg^?1, low but increased levels of glycogen in kidney, heart and gills were determined. No variations were found in proximate or glycogen compositions of muscle, whereas the liver composition reflected the diet composition. Whole-body homogenates varied in dry matter and lipid levels; the variation was according to g lipid eaten per fish. Plasma glucose levels ranged above average levels only when the starch level in the feed was higher than 220 g kg^?1. Although feed intake and thereby lipid intake increased as dietary carbohydrate increased in the present experiment, no differences in plasma concentrations of cholesterol and only small changes in triglycerides were determined. The increase in dietary carbohydrate was balanced with protein, and total plasma protein concentrations followed the decrease in feed protein content. Haematocrit, haemoglobin, mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin all showed significantly reduced levels as dietary starch increased, indicating a fibre effect from ‘left-over’ starch in the intestine followed by reduced absorption of divalent ions, such as iron.     

水稻剑叶净光合速率与叶绿素含量的研究初报

对59个水稻品种剑叶净光合速率及其叶绿素含量进行测定和相关分析后发现，叶绿素各组分及叶绿素a/b比值均存在显的品种间差异。叶绿素a含量决定总叶绿素含量水平，叶绿素b的含量主导叶绿素a/b比值的变化。总叶绿素含量、叶绿素a含量与剑叶净光合速率显正相关，叶绿素b含量与剑叶净光合速率的正相关关系接近显水平。叶绿素a/b与剑叶净光合速率无直接相关关系，但在品种间叶绿素含量由少增多的过程中，叶绿素含理状况对光合作用的促进作用由总量的增加转向叶绿素a/b比值的降低，同时发现，在高光强、低叶绿素含量范围内，仍然存在光合作用的最适叶绿素含量值。     

Virtual Sound Intensity Analyzer

The Virtual Sound Intensity Analyzer is a new instrument which has more advantages than the traditional Sound Analyzer. This Analyzer is based on fast Fourie transformation and virtual instrument technique.As an application, combining software and hardware, all kinds of weight noise sound level measurement and real-time noise octave analyzes realized synchronously. The design method has been introduced from three ways, which includes hardware, software and panel. An applied example and error analyze of Virtual Sound Intensity Analyzer are given.This Analyzer is low cost, small volume. and it is also easy to operate. It can be widely used in actual applications.     

禽流感病毒分子生物学的研究进展

禽流行性感冒(av ian in fluenza,A I,简称禽流感)是由A型禽流感病毒(av ian in fluenza v irus,A IV)引起的禽类烈性传染病。作为被世界动物卫生组织(O IE)定为A类的传染病,A I不仅给世界养禽业造成了巨大的经济损失,而且对人类健康和生命安全构成了严重威胁。因此,A I已经成为人们关注的焦点,国内外学者也对其进行了大量研究。作者从病原基因组及其编码的蛋白质、致病力、变异性以及对人类感染A IV的分子机制等角度就A IV的分子生物学研究作一综述,为防制A I提供理论基础,并在此基础上探讨了人类禽流感的防治措施,加深人们对A I的认识。